Point-of-Care Platelet Function Monitoring: Implications for Patients With Platelet Inhibitors in Cardiac Surgery

نویسندگان

چکیده

Although most physicians are comfortable managing the limited anticoagulant effect of aspirin, recent administration potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitors in patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains a dilemma. Guidelines recommend discontinuation 5- to- 7 days before to reduce risk postoperative hemorrhage. Such strategy might not be feasible urgent surgery, due ongoing myocardial ischemia or at high for thromboembolic events. Recently, different point-of-care devices assess functional platelet quality have become available clinical use. The aim this narrative review was evaluate implications and potential benefits function monitoring guiding perioperative management therapeutic options treated with antiplatelets, including aspirin inhibitors, surgery. No objective superiority one device over another found large meta-analysis. Their accuracy reliability generally period. In particular, preoperative testing has been used contribution bleeding after However, predictive values hemorrhage transfusion requirements low, there is significant variability between within these tests. Further, optimize waiting period cessation dual antiplatelet therapy Furthermore, studies assessing their value decisions scarce. A general liberal use yet recommended. IN PATIENTS PRESENTING acute coronary syndrome, first treatment occlusive artery disease (CAD) usually involves percutaneous intervention stenting. As latter renders endoluminal surface thrombogenic, intense mandatory, as (DAPT) inhibitors.1Ferrandis R Llau JV Mugarra Perioperative antiplatelet-drugs surgery.Curr Cardiol Rev. 2009; 5: 125-132Crossref PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar DAPT often administered diagnostic angiography syndrome. it unclear whether approach superior shortly delayed administration, up 11% will referred either emergent elective bypass graft (CABG) blood conservation patient stopping 5 10 surgery.2Raphael J Mazer CD Subramani S et al.Society Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists practice improvement advisory hemostasis patients.J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019; 33: 2887-2899Abstract Full Text PDF (22) Scholar, 3Boer C Meesters MI Milojevic M al.EACTS/EACTA guidelines on adult surgery.J 2018; 32: 88-120Abstract (89) 4Kozek-Langenecker SA Ahmed AB Afshari al.Management severe bleeding: from European Society Anaesthesiology: First update 2016.Eur Anaesthesiol. 2017; 34: 332-395Crossref (270) 5Ferraris VA Brown JR Thoracic Surgeons Blood Conservation Guideline Task ForceUpdate guidelines.Ann Thorac Surg. 2011; 91: 944-982Abstract (0) 6Valgimigli Bueno H Byrne RA al.ESC focused developed collaboration EACTS: task force Cardiology (ESC) Association Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).Eur Heart J. 39: 213-260Crossref (1000) sudden withdrawal result rebound increase activity, unstable could provoke ischemic events.7Fitchett D Eikelboom Fremes al.Dual requiring grafting surgery: position statement Canadian Society.Can Cardiol. 25: 683-689Abstract nonsurgical CAD patients, associated 2- 4-fold increased events.8Collet JP Montalescot G Blanchet B al.Impact prior oral agents syndromes.Circulation. 2004; 110: 2361-2367Crossref (313) Scholar,9Iakovou I Schmidt T Bonizzoni E al.Incidence, predictors, outcome thrombosis successful implantation drug-eluting stents.JAMA. 2005; 293: 2126-2130Crossref (2810) CABG events, discontinued inhibitor therapy, increased.10Held Asenblad N Bassand al.Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel syndromes Results PLATO (Platelet Inhibition Patient Outcomes) trial.J Am Coll 57: 672-684Crossref (374) Scholar,11Smith PK Goodnough LT Levy JH al.Mortality benefit prasugrel TRITON-TIMI 38 cohort: Risk-adjusted retrospective data analysis.J 2012; 60: 388-396Crossref (123) scheduled CABG, therefore, dilemma physicians.7Fitchett Scholar,12Mahla Tantry US Pruller F al.Is role during therapy?.Circulation. 138: 2145-2159Crossref (12) 13Masoudi FA Ponirakis Yeh RW al.Cardiovascular care facts: report national cardiovascular registry 2011.J 2013; 62: 1931-1947Crossref 14Nijjer SS Watson Athanasiou al.Safety being continued until time syndrome: meta-analysis 34 studies.Eur 2970-2988Crossref (76) Should some recurrent events? Or should undergo immediate transfusion? Both approaches potentially compromise long-term CABG. Evidence optimal scarce, especially more ticagrelor.15Drews Bolliger Kaiser al.Prasugrel increases need transfusions surgical reexploration rates compared surgery.Thorac Cardiovasc 2015; 63: 28-35Crossref (14) Scholar,16Vuilliomenet Gebhard Bizzozero al.Discontinuation intensive grafting: analysis.Interact 28: 665-673Crossref (3) Platelet help decision-making. This focuses Platelets play pivotal (Fig 1). At sites vascular injury, platelets adhere newly exposed subendothelial collagen via glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX. process mediated supported by von Willebrand factor (vWF) α1β2 GPVI receptors.17Tomokiyo K Kamikubo Y Hanada al.Von accelerates adhesion thrombus formation platelet-reduced under flow conditions.Blood. 105: 1078-1084Crossref further activated thrombin secondary interaction tissue cells site injury circulating VII (FVIIa). These initially form inner core clot.18Ivanciu L Stalker TJ. Spatiotemporal regulation coagulation activation hemostatic response vivo.J Thromb Haemost. 13: 1949-1959Crossref Scholar,19Munnix IC Kuijpers MJ Auger al.Segregation aggregatory procoagulant microdomains formation: Regulation transient integrin activation.Arterioscler Biol. 2007; 27: 2484-2490Crossref (108) After activation, release adenosine-5-diphosphate (ADP) platelet-dense granules thromboxane A2, derivative arachidonic acid (AA). ADP A2 amplify aggregation involving GPIIb/IIIa receptors fibrinogen. subsequently responsible outer shell clot, which less dense prone fibrinolysis.18Ivanciu Continuous ADP-P2Y12 signaling seems essential stable 1).12Mahla supports generation binding various factors, zymogenes, cofactors surface.19Munnix Scholar,20Bolliger Gorlinger Tanaka KA Pathophysiology coagulopathy massive hemodilution.Anesthesiology. 2010; 113: 1205-1219Crossref (192) Under physiologic conditions, only. also because atherosclerotic plaque rupture, endothelial damage (eg, sepsis, inflammation), artificial intravascular objects stents, catheters), leading inadvertent formation. Antiplatelet commonly mitigate uncontrolled avoid lethal Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) mainstay all types arterial diseases. intravenous rapidly irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1, thereby reducing thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) A2. Despite experiences evidence about continue taking withhold fully clear. 2017 evaluating 12 randomized controlled trials (RCT) nearly 4,000 28 observational 30,000 (>89% surgery), reductions early mortality, kidney infarction.21Aboul-Hassan Stankowski Marczak al.The systematic meta-analysis.J Card 758-774Crossref (15) positive effects were mainly driven studies. propensity score analysis suggested that discontinuing mortality major events than 50%.22Aboul-Hassan al.Timing its impact outcomes matching Surg Res. 2020; 246: 251-259Abstract contrast, largest RCT, Tranexamic Acid Coronary Artery (ATACAS) trial, 2,100 no regarding infarction, stroke 30 1 year surgery.23Myles PS Smith JA Forbes al.Stopping vs. continuing surgery.N Engl Med. 2016; 374: 728-737Crossref (105) Scholar,24Myles Kasza al.Aspirin 1-year results tranexamic 157: 633-640Abstract slightly higher rate RBC but difference chest drainage output incidence repeat thoracotomy.21Aboul-Hassan ATACAS trial change intake.23Myles might, least partially, explained antifibrinolytics study. thought approximately 50%.25Myles al.Tranexamic coronary-artery 376: 136-148Crossref (144) Similarly, other Most current suggest preoperatively started once secured,2Raphael shown improve venous patency events.26Lim Ali Z al.Indirect comparison surgery.BMJ. 2003; 327: 1309Crossref Scholar,27Mangano DT Multicenter Study Ischemia Research Group. 2002; 347: 1309-1317Crossref (524) Patients represent relevant challenge physician,28Mazzeffi MA Patel PA coagulation: Selected highlights 2019.J 1745-1754Abstract surgery.29Swan Loughran Makris procedures therapy.Blood 39100619Crossref (1) Scholar,30Syed Wasowicz M. Anti-platelet anaesthesiologist: Controversies unresolved dilemmas continue.Br Anaesth. 123: e1-e2Abstract improves stent prevents drugs put products. Because scarcity trials, based consensus statements experts, reinforcing importance multidisciplinary consultation decision-making.31Sousa-Uva Storey Huber al.Expert paper surgery.Eur 2014; 35: 1510-1514Crossref (53) There clear newer such ticagrelor.10Held Scholar,15Drews Various meta-analyses >22,000 assessed risks intake inhibitors.14Nijjer Scholar,32Morici Moja Rosato V al.Time adenosine di-phosphate antagonist Meta-analysis meta-regression.Int 168: 1955-1964Abstract Scholar,33Siller-Matula JM Petre Delle-Karth non-cardiac meta-analysis.Eur Acute Care. 6: 753-770Crossref (18) certain protection against clearly demonstrated 2-fold intake. negative drug-specific (Table Clopidogrel prodrug requires 2-step biotransformation, resulting production only 15% active metabolites. Polymorphisms cytochrome P450 (CYP) system relevantly influence efficacy clopidogrel. genetic polymorphisms do completely explain interindividual pharmacodynamic responses, affect outcome.31Sousa-Uva Scholar,34Parodi Marcucci Valenti al.High residual reactivity loading among PCI.JAMA. 306: 1215-1223Crossref (333) ScholarTable 1Comparison Pharmacological Properties Receptor InhibitorsClopidogrelPrasugrelTicagrelorCangrelorPlatelet inhibitionModerateStrongStrongStrongBioavailability30%-50% (po)80% (po)36% (po)100% (iv)Pharmacological reversibilityIrreversibleIrreversibleReversibleReversibleOnset action2-6 h30 min30 min2 minDuration effect5-10 d7-10 d3-5 d1-2 hAbbreviations: iv, intravenous; po, peroral. Open table new tab Abbreviations: Prasugrel ticagrelor third-generation rapid consistent anti-ischemic effect, caused stronger inhibition clopidogrel.15Drews Scholar,28Mazzeffi Scholar,31Sousa-Uva Therefore, currently preferred choice presenting Genetic variants CYP2C19 platelet-inhibiting prasugrel,35Jin Kim MH Guo LZ al.Pharmacodynamic study non-ST-elevation syndrome (PRAISE-GENE trial).Int 305: 11-17Abstract interactions CYP3AA described, suppressed metabolism consecutively prolonged half-life ticagrelor.36Azran Interaction CYP3A4 inhibitor: Importance recovery 3221-3222Abstract According expert opinions, does seem confer events.31Sousa-Uva For ticagrelor, postponing 2 3 significantly reduced analyses.16Vuilliomenet Scholar,37Holm Biancari Khodabandeh al.Bleeding grafting.Ann 107: 1690-1698Abstract thrombosis, bridging novel cangrelor an option.38Angiolillo DJ Firstenberg MS Price al.Bridging trial.JAMA. 307: 265-274Crossref (314) Scholar,39Williams Henderson Reformato VS al.Hemostasis emergency loading.J 168-174Abstract (4) Cangrelor very short 3- 6 minutes, normal returns hour, allowing discontinuation.38Angiolillo Alternatively, individualized intervals increasingly patient-specific late take into account emergency, status, type anatomic localization implanted implantatio

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Perioperative changes in platelet count and function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Background: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at increased risk of bleeding due to multifactorial coagulopathies. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the changes in platelet count and function during and after surgery as well as determining the association of the platelet dysfunction with bleeding and transfusion requirements in these patients.    Methods: A total o...

متن کامل

Evaluation of platelet antigens and antibodies in patients with platelet refractoriness

Abstract Background and Objectives Immune platelet refractoriness is a complication of blood transfusion in patients with multiple platelet transfusions. Antibodies against surface antigens, including human platelet antigens (HPAs) and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), can be produced which can cause the degradation of transfused platelets by macrophages. In this study, the frequency of platele...

متن کامل

Platelet function monitoring in patients with coronary artery disease.

Studies focused on patient responsiveness to antiplatelet therapies, particularly aspirin and clopidogrel, have increased in recent years. However, the relations of in vivo platelet function and adverse clinical events to results of ex vivo platelet function tests remain largely unknown. This article describes current methods of measuring platelet function in various clinical and research situa...

متن کامل

Critical temperature ranges of hypothermia-induced platelet activation: possible implications for cooling patients in cardiac surgery.

Cooling of the patient is routinely applied in cardiac surgery to protect organs against ischemia. Hypothermia induces activation of platelets, but the effects of temperatures such as used during cardiac surgery are not well described. To investigate this in an in-vitro study heparinized whole blood was incubated at different temperatures (37 degrees C, 34.5 degrees C, 32 degrees C, 29.5 degree...

متن کامل

Value of Platelet Function Testing in Monitoring Platelet Substitution

The availability of platelet concentrates has made a major contribution to modern clinical practice. In general, the substitution of platelets is the therapy of choice for preventing or treating bleeding episodes in patients with impaired platelet production and/or function. However, this treatment might be associated with risks and drawbacks, which include alloimmunization, transmission of bac...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['1053-0770', '1532-8422']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.050